Mu buku lakuti “Invisible City” lolembedwa ndi wolemba waku Italy Calvino, pali chiganizo chakuti: “Mzindawu uli ngati loto, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chingaganizidwe chingalote…”
Monga chilengedwe chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, mizinda imakhala ndi chikhumbo cha anthu chokhala ndi moyo wabwino. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kuyambira Plato mpaka Moore, anthu akhala akuyembekeza kumanga Utopia. Chifukwa chake, mwanjira ina, kumanga mzinda watsopano wanzeru kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa malingaliro a anthu a moyo wabwino.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa zinthu zatsopano ku China komanso mbadwo watsopano wa ukadaulo wazidziwitso monga intaneti ya Zinthu, kumanga ndi chitukuko cha mizinda yanzeru kukuyenda bwino. Mzinda wamaloto womwe ungamve, kuganiza, kusintha ndi kutentha ukukwaniritsidwa pang'onopang'ono..
Pulojekiti yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri pa intaneti ya zinthu:Mzinda Wanzeru
Pulojekiti ya mzinda wanzeru ndi mzinda wanzeru yakhala imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zikukambidwa kwambiri. Imachitika makamaka kudzera mu intaneti yogwirizana komanso yogwirizana ya zinthu, deta ndi kulumikizana, komanso kuphatikiza mayankho ndi ukadaulo wina.
Ndi kusintha kuchokera ku mapulojekiti akanthawi a mzinda wanzeru kupita ku gulu loyamba la mizinda yeniyeni yanzeru, mapulojekiti a mzinda wanzeru adzawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndipotu, kukula kumeneku kunayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo ndipo kunafulumira mu 2016. Pakati pawo, n'zosavuta kupeza kuti pulojekiti ya mzinda wanzeru ndi imodzi mwa madera otsogola pa intaneti ya Zinthu zomwe zikuchitika.
Malinga ndi lipoti lomwe linatulutsidwa ndi IoT Analytics, kampani yofufuza za intaneti ya zinthu ku Germany, poganizira za gawo lapadziko lonse la mapulojekiti a intaneti ya zinthu, pulojekiti ya mzinda wanzeru ndi pulojekiti yachiwiri yayikulu ya intaneti ya zinthu, pambuyo pa makampani a intaneti. Mu pulojekiti ya mzinda wanzeru, pulogalamu yotchuka kwambiri ndi mayendedwe anzeru, kutsatiridwa ndi mautumiki anzeru.
Kuti mzindawu ukhale mzinda wanzeru "weniweni", umafunika njira yolumikizira mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana ndikulumikiza deta ndi nsanja zambiri pamodzi kuti upeze zabwino zonse zomwe mzinda wanzeru umabweretsa. Pakati pa izi,ukadaulo wotsegukandinsanja yotseguka ya detachidzakhala chinsinsi cha gawo lotsatira.
IDC inati nsanja yotseguka ya data mu 2018 idzakhala malire otsatira a nsanja ya Internet of Things. Ngakhale kuti padzakhala zopinga zina ndipo palibe kutchulidwa kwapadera kwa mizinda yanzeru, n'zoonekeratu kuti chitukuko cha nsanja yotseguka iyi chidzakhala ndi udindo waukulu m'munda wa mizinda yanzeru.
Mu "IDC FutureScape: Forecast of the Global Internet of Things mu 2017″, IDC idatchula za kusintha kwa deta yotseguka iyi. Kampaniyo idati pofika chaka cha 2019, mpaka 40% ya maboma am'deralo ndi am'madera adzagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu kusintha zomangamanga monga magetsi amisewu, misewu ndi zizindikiro zamagalimoto kukhala katundu m'malo mwa ngongole.
Kodi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito mizinda yanzeru ndi ziti?Mwina sitingaganizire nthawi yomweyo za pulojekiti yanzeru yokhudza chilengedwe ndi pulojekiti yochenjeza za kusefukira kwa madzi, koma n'zosakayikitsa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa pulojekiti yanzeru yokhudza mzinda. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe m'mizinda kukutsutsidwa, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomangira mapulojekiti anzeru a mzinda, chifukwa amatha kupereka phindu mwachindunji komanso lothandiza kwa nzika.
Zachidziwikire, milandu yodziwika bwino ya mzinda wanzeru ikuphatikizapo malo oimika magalimoto mwanzeru, kasamalidwe ka magalimoto mwanzeru, magetsi amisewu mwanzeru ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala mwanzeru. Komabe, milandu iyi nthawi zambiri imaphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kuthetsa mavuto a m'mizinda, kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza moyo wa m'mizinda ndikuyika nzika patsogolo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Nazi zina mwa zochitika kapena minda ya mizinda yanzeru:
Ntchito za anthu onse, monga ntchito za nzika, ntchito zokopa alendo, mayendedwe a anthu onse, chizindikiritso ndi kasamalidwe, ndi ntchito zodziwitsa.
Chitetezo cha anthu onsemonga kuunikira mwanzeru, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, kutsatira katundu, apolisi, kuyang'anira makanema ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi.
Kukhazikika, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, kasamalidwe ka zinyalala mwanzeru ndi kubwezeretsanso, mphamvu mwanzeru, kuyeza mwanzeru, madzi anzeru, ndi zina zotero.
Zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga zanzeru, kuyang'anira thanzi la nyumba ndi zipilala, nyumba zanzeru, kuthirira mwanzeru, ndi zina zotero.
Mayendedwe: msewu wanzeru, kugawana magalimoto ndi maukonde, malo oimika magalimoto mwanzeru, kasamalidwe ka magalimoto mwanzeru, kuyang'anira phokoso ndi kuipitsa mpweya, ndi zina zotero.
M'minda yamankhwala anzeru, maphunziro anzeru, ulamuliro wanzeru, kukonzekera mwanzeru, deta yanzeru/yotseguka, ntchito ndi mautumiki a mzinda wanzeru zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira mzinda wanzeru.
Si mzinda wanzeru wokha wozikidwa pa “ukadaulo”
Pamene tikuyamba kupita ku mzinda wanzeru, zosankha zokhudzana ndi intaneti, kusinthana deta, nsanja ya intaneti ya zinthu ndi zina zipitiliza kukula.
Makamaka pazochitika zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito monga kasamalidwe ka zinyalala mwanzeru kapena malo oimika magalimoto mwanzeru, ukadaulo wa intaneti wa zinthu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizinda yanzeru masiku ano ndi wosavuta komanso wotsika mtengo. Malo okhala m'mizinda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo abwino olumikizirana opanda zingwe pazinthu zam'manja. Pali mitambo, mayankho ena ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira mapulojekiti amizinda yanzeru, komanso maukonde a netiweki otsika mphamvu (LPWAN) m'mizinda yambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizokwanira kukwaniritsa ntchito zambiri.
Ngakhale pali mbali yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo, kufunika kwa mizinda yanzeru ndi kwakukulu kuposa pamenepo. Anthu amatha kukambirana tanthauzo la "nzeru". Zachidziwikire, mu zenizeni zovuta komanso zodzaza za mizinda yanzeru, ndi za kukwaniritsa zosowa za nzika ndikuthetsa mavuto a anthu, anthu ndi madera akumatauni.
Mwanjira ina,Mzinda wopambana wa polojekiti ya mzinda wanzeru si kuwonetsa ukadaulo, koma kukwaniritsa cholingacho kutengera malingaliro onse a malo omanga ndi zosowa za anthu (kuphatikizapo zosowa zauzimu).Zachidziwikire, m'machitidwe, dziko lililonse ndi chikhalidwe chilichonse ndi zosiyana. Ngakhale kuti zosowa zoyambira ndizofala, zimakhudzanso zolinga zogwirira ntchito komanso bizinesi.
Masiku ano, chilichonse chomwe chimatchedwa luntha, kaya ndi nyumba yanzeru, gridi yanzeru kapena mzinda wanzeru, maziko ake ndi kulumikizana ndi deta, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndi ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana ndikusinthidwa kukhala luntha ngati maziko opangira zisankho. Zachidziwikire, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kulumikizana ndi intaneti ya Zinthu zokha, ndipo gulu lolumikizidwa ndi lofunika kwambiri monga nzika.
Poganizira mavuto ambiri padziko lonse lapansi monga ukalamba wa anthu ndi nkhani za nyengo, komanso "maphunziro" omwe apezeka kuchokera ku mliriwu, n'zoonekeratu kuti cholinga chowunikiranso mizinda n'chofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, makamaka momwe anthu amakhalira komanso moyo wabwino nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.
Accenture idachita kafukufuku poganizira za ntchito za anthu onse, zomwe zidaphunzira momwe ukadaulo watsopano umagwiritsidwira ntchito kuphatikizapo intaneti ya Zinthu, ndipo idapeza kuti kukweza chikhutiro cha nzika kunali pamalo oyamba. Monga momwe tchati cha chidziwitso cha kafukufukuyu chikusonyezera, kukweza chikhutiro cha antchito nakonso kuli kokwera kwambiri (80%), ndipo nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa intaneti watsopano kwabweretsa zotsatira zooneka bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-17-2023
